What is Gestational Diabetes? Causes, Risk Factors & How It Develops

January 20, 2026

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It means your blood sugar levels become too high. This condition usually appears in the middle of pregnancy, often between weeks 24 and 28. While it can be worrying, most women with gestational diabetes have healthy babies. However, it is important to manage blood sugar during pregnancy to lower risks for both mother and baby.

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

Many women with gestational diabetes do not notice any symptoms. Often, it is found during routine screening. Still, some signs may appear. For example, you might experience:

Increased thirst

Frequent urination

Feeling more tired than usual

Blurry vision

Because these symptoms can be mild or similar to normal pregnancy changes, regular check-ups are important. Early detection helps with better management.

Causes and Risk Factors

Gestational diabetes happens when your body cannot make enough insulin during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone that helps control blood sugar. During pregnancy, hormones can make it harder for insulin to work. As a result, blood sugar rises.

Several factors can increase your risk:

Being overweight before pregnancy

Having a family history of diabetes

Being over age 25

Having had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy

Belonging to certain ethnic groups, such as African American, Hispanic, Native American, or Asian American

Having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

However, anyone can develop gestational diabetes. That is why screening is important for all pregnant women.

How Gestational Diabetes is Diagnosed

Doctors use a simple blood test to check for gestational diabetes. Usually, this test is done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Sometimes, women with higher risk factors are tested earlier.

The most common test is the glucose challenge test. Here is how it works:

You drink a sweet liquid at the clinic.

After one hour, your blood is drawn to check your sugar level.

If your level is high, you may need a longer test called the oral glucose tolerance test.

These tests help your doctor know if you need treatment to manage blood sugar during pregnancy.

Treatment Options

Managing gestational diabetes is important for your health and your baby’s health. Treatment usually includes:

Checking your blood sugar levels regularly

Eating a healthy, balanced diet

Staying active with safe exercise

Taking insulin or other medicines if needed

Most women can control their blood sugar with diet and exercise. However, some may need medicine. Your doctor will guide you on the best plan for you.

Lifestyle and Dietary Guidance

Healthy habits can make a big difference. For example, you can:

Eat small, balanced meals throughout the day

Choose whole grains, lean proteins, and plenty of vegetables

Limit foods high in sugar, such as sweets and sugary drinks

Stay active with activities like walking or prenatal yoga

Drink plenty of water

Additionally, working with a registered dietitian can help you create a meal plan that fits your needs.

Prevention Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk of gestational diabetes by:

Maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy

Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber and low in added sugars

Staying physically active most days of the week

Managing any existing health conditions, such as high blood pressure

Even small changes can help. For instance, walking for 30 minutes a day can make a difference.

When to See a Doctor

If you are pregnant, regular prenatal visits are important. However, if you notice symptoms like extreme thirst, frequent urination, or sudden vision changes, contact your doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment help keep you and your baby healthy.

In summary, gestational diabetes is a common condition during pregnancy. With the right care, most women have healthy pregnancies and babies. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on gestational diabetes.